Human macrophages support persistent transcription from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA

@article{citeulike:2499829, abstract = {Retroviruses require integration of their RNA genomes for both stability and productive viral replication. In HIV infection of non-dividing, resting CD4 T cells, where integration is greatly impeded, the reverse transcribed HIV DNA has limited biological activity and a short half-life. In metabolically active and proliferating T cells, unintegrated DNA rapidly diminishes with cell division. HIV also infects the non-dividing but metabolically active macrophage population. In an in vitro examination of HIV infection of macrophages, we find that unintegrated viral DNA not only has an unusual stability, but also maintains biological activity. The unintegrated linear DNA, 1-LTR, and 2-LTR circles are stable for at least 30 days. Additionally, there is persistent viral gene transcription, which is selective and skewed towards viral early genes such as nef and tat with highly diminished rev and vif. One viral early gene product Nef was measurably synthesized. We also find that independent of integration, the HIV infection process in macrophages leads to generation of numerous chemokines.}, author = {Kelly, Jeremy and Beddall, Margaret H. and Yu, Dongyang and Iyer, Subashini R. and Marsh, Jon W. and Wu, Yuntao }, citeulike-article-id = {2499829}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.007}, journal = {Virology}, keywords = {hiv, macrophage, replication}, month = {March}, number = {2}, pages = {300--312}, posted-at = {2008-03-10 09:47:00}, priority = {2}, title = {Human macrophages support persistent transcription from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.007}, volume = {372}, year = {2008} }

TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:2499829 L3 - citeulike-article-id:2499829 TI - Human macrophages support persistent transcription from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA JF - Virology VL - 372 IS - 2 SP - 300 EP - 312 N2 - Retroviruses require integration of their RNA genomes for both stability and productive viral replication. In HIV infection of non-dividing, resting CD4 T cells, where integration is greatly impeded, the reverse transcribed HIV DNA has limited biological activity and a short half-life. In metabolically active and proliferating T cells, unintegrated DNA rapidly diminishes with cell division. HIV also infects the non-dividing but metabolically active macrophage population. In an in vitro examination of HIV infection of macrophages, we find that unintegrated viral DNA not only has an unusual stability, but also maintains biological activity. The unintegrated linear DNA, 1-LTR, and 2-LTR circles are stable for at least 30 days. Additionally, there is persistent viral gene transcription, which is selective and skewed towards viral early genes such as nef and tat with highly diminished rev and vif. One viral early gene product Nef was measurably synthesized. We also find that independent of integration, the HIV infection process in macrophages leads to generation of numerous chemokines. KW - hiv KW - macrophage KW - replication AU - Kelly, Jeremy AU - Beddall, Margaret AU - Yu, Dongyang AU - Iyer, Subashini AU - Marsh, Jon AU - Wu, Yuntao PY - 2008/03/15/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2007.11.007 ER -