CiteULike: Ключевое слово automaticism

Automatic goal inferences

Ran Hassin — 2005-02-27T00:41:21-00:00

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 41, No. 2. (March 2005), pp. 129-140.

The social psychological literature on automatic social inferences has focused on one construct that helps explaining human behavior--traits (e.g., Gilbert, Pelham, & Krull, 1988; Trope, 1986; Winter & Uleman, 1984). The dispositional roots of behavior, however, go beyond relatively stable constructs such as traits to include more transient causes such as one's intentions and goals. Evidence from young infants and adult chimpanzees, knowledge acquired in the text-comprehension literature and hypotheses derived from the Automatic Causal Inferences framework (Hassin, Bargh, & Uleman, 2002), seems to converge: they all suggest that perceivers may automatically infer goals from behaviors. This paper reports four studies that examine this hypothesis. The first two use surprise cued-recall, and look at goal inferences when the road to goal achievement seems straightforward and when it seems blocked. Studies 3 and 4 use on-line methodologies--probe recognition task and lexical decision--to examine whether these inferences are made at encoding.

Automatic stereotypes vs. automatic prejudice: Sorting out the possibilities in the weapon paradigm

CM Judd — 2004-12-28T16:58:08-00:00

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Vol. 40, No. 1. (January 2004), pp. 75-81.

Payne (2001) has documented that African-American faces automatically facilitate the categorization of handguns, relative to White faces. We suggest that these provocative results could derive from either the automatic activation of prejudice (negative evaluations) or the automatic activation of stereotypes (both positively and negatively valenced associations). In an extension of Payne’s procedure, we show that African-American faces facilitate the categorization of both handguns and sports-related objects, but not the categorization of insects or fruits. Additionally, both handguns and sports objects are more likely to be miscategorized following a White face prime than an African-American one. These results suggest that when perceivers are attempting to identify objects, automatic stereotypic associations, both positively and negatively valenced ones, are more influential than general negative sentiments towards African-Americans.