Sat, 26 Jul 2008 17:04:02 BST CiteULike: acslab expertise http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/tag/expertise CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/2714450 <i>(2008), pp. 39-48.</i> Knowledge in the head and on the web: using topic expertise to aid search Geoffrey Duggan Stephen Payne doi:10.1145/1357054.1357062 (2008), pp. 39-48. 2008-04-24T21:49:56-00:00 2008 39 48 ACM expertise information-seeking http://www.citeulike.org/user/acslab/article/2688285 <i>Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 3. (April 1997), pp. 251-295.</i><br /><br />Two parallel studies were performed with members of very different cultures--industrialized American and traditional Itzaj-Mayan--to investigate potential universal and cultural features of folkbiological taxonomies and inductions. Specifically, we examined how individuals organize natural categories into taxonomies, and whether they readily use these taxonomies to make inductions about those categories. The results of the first study indicate that there is a cultural consensus both among Americans and the Itzaj in their taxonomies of local mammal species, and that these taxonomies resemble and depart from a corresponding scientific taxonomy in similar ways. However, cultural differences are also shown, such as a greater differentiation and more ecological considerations in Itzaj taxonomies. In a second study, Americans and the Itzaj used their taxonomies to guide similarity- and typicality-based inductions. These inductions converge and diverge crossculturally and regarding scientific inductions where their respective taxonomies do. These findings reveal some universal features of folkbiological inductions, but they also reveal some cultural features such as diversity-based inductions among Americans, and ecologically based inductions among the Itzaj. Overall, these studies suggest that while building folkbiological taxonomies and using them for folkbiological inductions is a universal competence of human cognition there are also important cultural constraints on that competence. The Tree of Life: Universal and Cultural Features of Folkbiological Taxonomies and Inductions Alejandro López Scott Atran John Coley Douglas Medin Edward Smith doi:10.1006/cogp.1997.0651 Cognitive Psychology, Vol. 32, No. 3. (April 1997), pp. 251-295. 2008-04-18T16:08:49-00:00 1997 Cognitive Psychology 32 3 251 295 categorization expertise