Sat, 26 Jul 2008 08:31:34 BST CiteULike: mbregman visual http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/tag/visual CiteULike.org en-gb Copyright © 2004-2008 citeulike.org http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/1206162 <i>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2 April 2007)</i><br /><br />The cochlear implant (CI) is a neuroprosthesis that allows profoundly deaf patients to recover speech intelligibility. This recovery goes through long-term adaptative processes to build coherent percepts from the coarse information delivered by the implant. Here we analyzed the longitudinal postimplantation evolution of word recognition in a large sample of CI users in unisensory (visual or auditory) and bisensory (visuoauditory) conditions. We found that, despite considerable recovery of auditory performance during the first year postimplantation, CI patients maintain a much higher level of word recognition in speechreading conditions compared with normally hearing subjects, even several years after implantation. Consequently, we show that CI users present higher visuoauditory performance when compared with normally hearing subjects with similar auditory stimuli. This better performance is not only due to greater speechreading performance, but, most importantly, also due to a greater capacity to integrate visual input with the distorted speech signal. Our results suggest that these behavioral changes in CI users might be mediated by a reorganization of the cortical network involved in speech recognition that favors a more specific involvement of visual areas. Furthermore, they provide crucial indications to guide the rehabilitation of CI patients by using visually oriented therapeutic strategies. Evidence that cochlear-implanted deaf patients are better multisensory integrators. J Rouger S Lagleyre B Fraysse S Deneve O Deguine P Barone doi:10.1073/pnas.0609419104 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A (2 April 2007) 2007-04-04T15:24:33-00:00 2007 Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 0027-8424 auditory cross-modal development visual http://www.citeulike.org/user/mbregman/article/957331 <i>Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4. (1 April 1999), pp. 151-162.</i><br /><br />We experience objects as whole, complete entities irrespective of whether they are perceived by our sensory systems or are recalled from memory. However, it is also known that many of the properties of objects are encoded and processed in different areas of the brain. How then, do coherent representations emerge? One theory suggests that rhythmic synchronization of neural discharges in the gamma band (around 40 Hz) may provide the necessary spatial and temporal links that bind together the processing in different brain areas to build a coherent percept. In this article we propose that this mechanism could also be used more generally for the construction of object representations that are driven by sensory input or internal, top-down processes. The review will focus on the literature on gamma oscillatory activities in humans and will describe the different types of gamma responses and how to analyze them. Converging evidence that suggests that one particular type of gamma activity (induced gamma activity) is observed during the construction of an object representation will be discussed. Oscillatory gamma activity in humans and its role in object representation Catherine Tallon-Baudry Olivier Bertrand doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01299-1 Trends in Cognitive Sciences, Vol. 3, No. 4. (1 April 1999), pp. 151-162. 2006-11-22T10:25:51-00:00 1999 Trends in Cognitive Sciences 3 4 151 162 attention auditory erp representation visual