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Swift Fox Demography, Movements, Denning, and Diet in New Mexico

by: Robert L Harrison
The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 48, No. 2. (2003), pp. 261-273.


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As a signatory of the Conservation Assessment and Conservation Strategy for Swift Fox, the state of New Mexico is required to manage swift foxes (Vulpes velox) with special diligence. However, basic ecological data for the swift fox in New Mexico are lacking. I examined swift fox demography, home range size, dispersal, den site selection, and diet in northeastern New Mexico. Juveniles comprised the most numerous age class. Body size measurements were generally as large or larger, and weights were smaller, than those reported from more northerly areas. Traumatic injury, presumably by coyotes (Canis latrans), was the primary cause of death. Annual survival rates for adults averaged 0.53. Of 36 swift foxes captured during the study, 4 remained alive on the study area, 21 died, and 11 left the study area by the end of 32 months of field work. The annual 95% MCP home range size estimate was 1,494.5 ha. Diet was dominated by invertebrates and mammals. For den sites, swift foxes preferred the vicinity of roads, areas with greater road density, low slope, hilltops, and sandy loam and clay soils. /// Como un signatario del Conservation Assessment and Conservation Strategy for Swift Fox (La Evaluación de Conservación y la Estrategia de Conservación para el Zorro Veloz), al estado de Nuevo México se le requiere manejar a los zorros veloces (Vulpes velox) con especial diligencia. Sin embargo, faltan los datos básicos ecológicos para el zorro veloz en Nuevo México. Estudié la demografía, el tamaño de rango de hogar, el movimiento de dispersión, la selección del sitio de la madriguera, y la dieta del zorro veloz en el noreste de Nuevo México. Los juveniles fueron la clase de edad más numerosa. Las medidas corporales generalmente fueron tan o más grandes, pero los pesos corporales fueron menores, que en áreas más al norte. Lesión traumática, presumiblemente por coyotes (Canis latrans), fue la causa principal de muerte. La tasa de supervivencia anual de adultos promedió 0.53. De 36 zorros veloces capturados durante el estudio, 4 quedaron vivos en el área del estudio, 21 murieron, y 11 se fueron del área de estudio durante los 32 meses de trabajo de campo. La estimación del tamaño de rango de hogar anual (95% MCP) fue 1,494.5 ha. La dieta fue dominada por invertebrados y mamíferos. Para sitios de la madriguera, los zorros veloces prefirieron la proximidad de caminos, áreas con una densidad mayor de caminos, una vertiente suave, las cumbres de colinas, y un suelo de marga arenosa o arcillosa.


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