Evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection

by: Arne Traulsen, Martin A Nowak

PNAS, Vol. 103, No. 29. (18 July 2006), pp. 10952-10955.

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Abstract

We propose a minimalist stochastic model of multilevel (or group) selection. A population is subdivided into groups. Individuals interact with other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. Individuals reproduce, and offspring are added to the same group. If a group reaches a certain size, it can split into two. Faster reproducing individuals lead to larger groups that split more often. In our model, higher-level selection emerges as a byproduct of individual reproduction and population structure. We derive a fundamental condition for the evolution of cooperation by group selection: if b/c > 1 + n/m, then group selection favors cooperation. The parameters b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas n and m denote the maximum group size and the number of groups. The model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and to include migration. 10.1073/pnas.0602530103

@article{citeulike:786969, abstract = {We propose a minimalist stochastic model of multilevel (or group) selection. A population is subdivided into groups. Individuals interact with other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. Individuals reproduce, and offspring are added to the same group. If a group reaches a certain size, it can split into two. Faster reproducing individuals lead to larger groups that split more often. In our model, higher-level selection emerges as a byproduct of individual reproduction and population structure. We derive a fundamental condition for the evolution of cooperation by group selection: if b/c > 1 + n/m, then group selection favors cooperation. The parameters b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas n and m denote the maximum group size and the number of groups. The model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and to include migration. 10.1073/pnas.0602530103}, author = {Traulsen, Arne and Nowak, Martin A. }, citeulike-article-id = {786969}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.0602530103}, journal = {PNAS}, keywords = {cooperation, evolution, multilevel-selection}, month = {July}, number = {29}, pages = {10952--10955}, posted-at = {2008-04-29 09:43:34}, priority = {0}, title = {Evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602530103}, volume = {103}, year = {2006} }

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TY - JOUR ID - citeulike:786969 L3 - citeulike-article-id:786969 TI - Evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection JF - PNAS VL - 103 IS - 29 SP - 10952 EP - 10955 N2 - We propose a minimalist stochastic model of multilevel (or group) selection. A population is subdivided into groups. Individuals interact with other members of the group in an evolutionary game that determines their fitness. Individuals reproduce, and offspring are added to the same group. If a group reaches a certain size, it can split into two. Faster reproducing individuals lead to larger groups that split more often. In our model, higher-level selection emerges as a byproduct of individual reproduction and population structure. We derive a fundamental condition for the evolution of cooperation by group selection: if b/c > 1 + n/m, then group selection favors cooperation. The parameters b and c denote the benefit and cost of the altruistic act, whereas n and m denote the maximum group size and the number of groups. The model can be extended to more than two levels of selection and to include migration. 10.1073/pnas.0602530103 KW - cooperation KW - evolution KW - multilevel-selection AU - Traulsen, Arne AU - Nowak, Martin PY - 2006/07/18/ UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0602530103 ER -

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