abiotic absorption abundance abundances academic access acclimation accumulation acid acids aconitum acquisition activated activation active activity adaptation adaptive additive adjoint ad-stable advance advection advection-diffusion advective aerial aeroplane affinity agardhii age agent-based age-structure age-structured aggregation aic aids alarm albiceps algae algal algebra algocoenoses algorithm algorithms alien allee allelopathy allocation allochthonous allometric allometry alpine alternate alternation alternative altruism amazon american americanus ammonium ammoniumnitratelight amnesic amphipods anabaena anabolism analog analogy analysis analytical angularis animal anisopteromalus anolis anova antarctica antibiotic-resistant anti-predator antisymmetry antiviral aparent aphanizomenon aphids aphytis apostatic apparent approach approximation aptation aquatic area areas aristotelian arrest arrhenius arthropods articles artificial ascendency assemblage assemblages assembled assembly assessing assessment assimilation association associations assortative assumption asterionella astrobiology asymmetric asymmetry asymptotic asymptotically asynchronous at atenuated atomic atp attachment attraction attractivity attractor attractors australian autocatalysis autocorrelation automata automaton autotroph autotrophs auxospore availability availavility avalanches averaging aversion avian avoidable axis b12 baci bacillariophyceae bacillariophyta bacteria bacterial bacteriophage bacteriophages bacterioplankton bad baetis balance balanced balances baltic barrier based baseline basic basin basins batch bay bayes bayesian beddington beetle before-after behavior behavioral behaviour behavioural benefits benthic bernoulli beta between bevertonholt beverton-holt bifurcation bifurcations big-bang bi-instability bill binomial biochemical biochemistry biodegradation biodiversity bioenergetic bioenergetics biofilm biofilms biogenic biogeochemical biogeochemistry biogeography biological biology biomass biomass-based bio-optic biophysics biosphere biotic bioturbation birds birth birth-death bistability bi-stability blepharisma bloom blooms bloom-triggered blowflies bluegreen blundering bodies body body-size boltzmann borders boreal bosmina bottom-up boundaries boundary boundedness bovine box boxcar brachionus brackish branching breadth breaking brent broccoli brownian browsing brussels budget budgets buds budworm bugs building burial cabbage calibration california callosobruchus calyciflorus cancer cannibalism canonical capacity capercaillie capitata capricornutum capture carbon carnivore carnivorous carrying cart cascade cascades catabolism catastrophes causal causalities causes cell cell-cycle cell-quota cells cellular central cephalophus ceratitis cerevisiae chain chains chance change chaos chaotic character characterisation characteristic characteristics chemical chemistry chemostat chemoton chesapeake chinook chi-square chlorophyll chlorophyta choice chrysomya chrysoscelis ciliate ciliates circulatory citrea clade class classic classical classification clear-water cliffs climate climax clonal clorophyll closed closure cloud cmopetition co2 coastal coccolithophorid coefficient coefficients coevolution co-evolution co-evolutionarily coexistence cognition cognitive cohesion cohort coinfection coles coli collapse collective collision colonization colony color colour colpidium common commons communication communities community compact comparison comparisons compartmental compartmentalization compensation competing competition competition-colonization competitive competitors complementarity complementary complex complexity complexity-diversity compliance composition compound compustat computation computational computer computer-simulation comsumption concentration concepts condition conditional conditions condom conenctance conflict congestion connectance connectivity consensus consent conservation conservatism conservative conspecific constant constants constraint constraints construction consumer consumer-driven consumerresource consumer-resource consumers consumption contact containment content contingency continuation continuous continuum contrasts control control-impact convergence convolution cooperation cooperative co-ordinates copepod copepods coral coral-reef core correlated correlation correlational correlations correlative correspondence cost costo costs counterfactual countries couple coupled coupling covariance co-variation cp-ratio crangon crash cretaceous creutzfeldt crisis criteria critical criticality critique cropping cross cross-correlation cross-system cross-validation crowding crown crypsis csr css culture cultures cuprina current curve curves cyanobacteria cyanophytes cybernetics cycle cycles cyclical cycling cyclotella cytobots cytological cytolytic cytoskeleton dad-stable daniel daphnia darwinian darwins data daylenght daylength days de death debate decision decomposer decomposers decomposition deep defective defence defences defense degree delay delayed delays deletion delivery demographic demography demons dengue denitrification densities density density-dependence density-dependent dependence dependent deposition depression deprivation depth derivation description descriptors desert design design-based despotic-egalitarian destruction detachment deterioration determining determinism deterministic detritus developing development developmental device diagonal diagram diamond diapause diatom diatoms diauxic diel diet dietary difference differential diffusion diffusion-limited diffusion-mediated diffusive-delay digestion digestion-limited digestive digital digraph dimension dimensional dimensionality dimorphism dinoflagellate diploidy direct directionality dirichlet disc discontinuous discovery discrete disease diseases dispar dispersal dispersal-competition dispersion displacement dissimilarity dissipative distance distributed distribution distributions disturbance diurnal divergence diversification diversity diversity-invasibility diversity-productivity diversity-stability division dna dome-shaped dominance donor double downstream drag drift drifting driven droop drosophila drug d-stable d-symmetrizable dual duiker dulca dunaliella dynamic dynamical dynamics dynophyta east ecodynamics ecologic ecological ecologies ecologu ecology economics ecopath ecophysiology ecosystem ecosystem-engineering ecosystems ecotone ecotoxicology edge edibility education eelgrass effect effects efficiency effort ehrenbergii eigenvalue eigenvalues elasticity electromagnetic element elements elevational embedding embodiment emergence emergent emphbetula emphchlorella encarsia encephalopathy enclosure endemic endogenous endotherms energetic energetics energy engineered engineering engineers englewood enhancement enrichment enteromorpha entropy envelope envionment environment environmental environments enzime enzymes epibiota epidemic epidemics epidemiological epidemiology epifauna epilithic epiphyte epiphytes epistasis epistemological equation equations equilibria equilibrium equivalence eradication error error-constrained errors-in-variables escalator escape escherichia esfuerzo ess essential establishment estimation estuaries estuarine estuary ethics eucariotic eukariote euler eutrophication evacuation event events everything evolution evolutionarily evolutionary excitable exclosures exclusion exergy existence exobiology exogenous exotic expansion expectancy experiment experimental experiments explicit exploitation exploitative exponent exponential exposure expression extinction extinctions extintion extracellular extremal extreme facilitation factor factors falsification falsificationist fat-tailed fauna faunal features fecundity feedback feeders feeding fern fidelity field field-of-neighbourhood filipov filippov filter filtering filters finance finches fire first first-principles fish fisher fisheries fishes fishing fitness fitting fixation fixed fjords flagellate flagellates flatfish flight floating flood flounder flour flow fluctuating fluctuations fluid fluidity fluviatilis flux fluxes focal food food-chains food-quality food-web food-webs foragers foraging foraging-predation forced forcing forecast forest forests form formation fortis fossil fossils foundational fourier fox fractal fractal-like fractals fractionation fragility fragmentation framework frecuency free free-floating frequency frequency-dependent freshwater front frugivory frustule frustules fuctional function functional functionals functioning functions fundamental fur fuzzy gadus gaia game gamma gasmolecular gastric gathering gause gause-lotka-volterra gauses gaussian gene general generalised generalist generality generalized generations generic genetic genetical genetics geographic geographical geometric geometry geospiza germination global goal gompertz good goods goometric goose gorgonian gossett gower gp160 gracilaria gradient gradients graph graphical graphics graphs grass grazer grazers grazing great green gregarious group groups growing growth growth-curve growth-limiting growth-rate guided gust gut gypsy gyrfalcon habitat habitats hairston haldane half-saturation handling handling-limited haploidy hard hare harmful harshness harvest harvesting hassell hausdorf haystack hazard heat height heliconia hematopoietic herbivore herbivores herbivorous herbivory hervibory heteroclinic heterogeneity heterogeneous heterotrophs heuristic heuristics hidden hierarchical hierarchies hierarchy high-dimensional higher hipothesis hippopotamus historia historie h